Journal of Translational Research in Urology
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

Nowadays coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major health problem all over the world. So, regarding the highly recommended homestay strategies for the prevention of COVID-19 the usual treatment platform for several diseases has changed. During self-quarantine, the urolithiasis treatment is completely different. However, we can suggest conservative treatment for three months during the COVID-19 outbreak and after that reevaluation of the patient will be done. Thus, the operation could be chosen carefully based on the patient's and urologist’s preferences and the rate of infection in that center.

The principles of nephrolithiasis therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease are the same as in patients with normal kidneys. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the standard treatment for patients with complex or large-volume upper urinary tract calculi. We reported the characteristics and outcomes of patients following percutaneous nephrolithotomy according to their preoperative renal function levels.

In this prospective cohort study, data on 53 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 6 months were collected. Patients were divided into 3 groups by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) including chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 0, 1 and 2 (eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2), stage 3 (eGFR = 30 to 59 mL/min/1.73 m2) and stages 4 and 5 (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2).

31 patients with CKD stages 0, 1, and 2, 17 patients with CKD stage 3, and 5 patients with stages 4 and 5 were followed up for at least three months. The mean eGFR before and after PNL was 80.1 vs. 85.9, 47.6 vs. 49.1, and 23.5 vs. 23.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the mild, moderate, and severe CKD groups, respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, eGFR in the mild group had been significantly increased compared to the other groups, whereas there was no considerable difference between the moderate and severe groups.

By the removal of kidney stones, the progression of CKD may be halted. While significant improvement was observed in early-stage CKD, sometimes unexpected deterioration could occur in patients at the end stages of renal diseases.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are somehow complicated to treat and patients frequently will have the problem of infection recurrence after complete cure. Usually, the UTI treatment is done by antibiotics but the problem of bacterium resistance and sensitivity should be always kept in mind. The recent trends in herbal medicine open new insight to cranberry (Cornus mas) as the promising anti-infection and anti-cancer substance. It has shown anti-infection properties in UTI especially for the complete treatment of urinary tract recurrent infection. However, it can increase the risk of kidney stones and have interaction with warfarin.

There are reports that a variety of foreign bodies were inserted into urogenital tracts and urologists have been facing this issue for many years. Foreign bodies in the bladder may be attributed to self-infliction, iatrogenic issues, or migration from other adjacent organs. In children, curiosity and playfulness may be the primary motives for inserting objects into the urethra.

Here, a case report of a 19-year-old boy who inserted a wire (telephone cable) into his bladder is presented. Under general anesthesia, the cystoscopy was performed and using grasper the cable was removed from the bladder of the patient. He was discharged a day after with just a few irritative symptoms. At the time of discharge, the patient’s parents were advised for psychiatric consultation.

The foreign body of the bladder in patients can happen in a patient with a mental health disorder. To diagnose through pelvic radiograph plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of the disease.

The research in biomedical sciences is based on basic research on animals. As a consequence of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many research projects involving animal studies have faced interruptions due to the raised concerns about the safety of working with animals The disruption in such research projects has raised significant concerns in biomedical scientific research worldwide. It seems necessary to assess and evaluate the safety and feasibility of conducting research projects on animal models. This study provides evidence on the feasibility of continuing the research activities in animal laboratories during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results of studies, the risk of COVID-19 is low in routine laboratory animals, including mice, rats, and pigs.By examining the available data from our animal laboratory, continuing research activities on low-risk animals, with adequate safety and personal protection equipment being available at the facility, animal studies could be carried forward without endangering the safety of the researcher and the society.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a penile disease that is characterized by penile pain, curvature, shortening, and plaque in the penis which usually ends up in erectile dysfunction (ED). This study is to assess the efficacy of modified vacuum therapy in patients with PD and ED. The basic principle of the study is similar to modeling performed during penile implant surgery. 

This study is performed on 43 Patients who is practiced with three different vacuum cylinders 30 minutes, 3 times a day for 3 months. First, the second, and third months with the smallest, medium, and the biggest cylinder were used respectively. Parameters were recorded before the beginning of the study at the end of each month. Assessment includes number and size of the plaque, angle of penile curvature (by erection induced with vacuum constriction device (VCD)), pain during erection, the status of morning erection, quality of an erection, and various previous treatments. There was a clinically and statistically significant improvement in the angle of curvature, size, and numbers of plaque.  

A total of 43 patients with a mean age of 56.3 years(40-74) years participated in the study. There was a significant reduction in plaque size and curvature. The mean of plaque size and curvature was 1.39cm and 31.28 degrees respectively at the presentation which was reduced to 0.64 (0-3)cm and 11.6 degrees respectively at the end of the study. At the end of the study, 30(69.7%) patients were satisfied with the outcome and wanted no further treatment. There was no major side effect observed in patients using the device. 

We recommend the use of a modified vacuum device with the mentioned method for PD and ED with curvature less than 45 degrees and plaque size less than 2cm. It is safe to use in all stages of the disease and can help patients to attain erection with VCD.

Primary Ewing sarcoma of the vulva is an extremely rare tumor with less than 10 molecular confirmed reported cases. Urinary retention in this case is an unusual manifestation.

We describe a 15 years-old female patient with advanced Ewing sarcoma of the vulva and urinary retention during chemotherapy. The technique of catheterization with two catheters could be interesting, in this case as well. When it comes to Immunohistochemistry, tumor cells displayed CD99, NIKX2.

In all cells and proliferative capacity of KI-67 in 40% of tumor cells, but other markers were negative.